Gestational Diabetes: What Moms Need to Know

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and affects how your body uses sugar (glucose). It usually appears in the second or third trimester and, if not managed properly, can pose risks for both mother and baby. Fortunately, with proper care, most women with gestational diabetes go on to have healthy pregnancies.

Causes and Risk Factors

Gestational diabetes occurs when hormonal changes in pregnancy make the body less sensitive to insulin. Risk factors include:

• Being overweight or obese before pregnancy.
• Family history of type 2 diabetes.
• Previous pregnancy with gestational diabetes.
• Having given birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds (4 kg).
• Being over the age of 25.
• Belonging to certain ethnic groups with higher diabetes risk.

Symptoms

Most women with gestational diabetes do not notice obvious symptoms. However, some may experience:

• Increased thirst.
• Frequent urination.
• Unusual fatigue.
• Blurred vision.

Because symptoms can be subtle, routine screening between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy is essential.

Potential Complications

• Large baby size (macrosomia), leading to delivery complications.
• Increased risk of cesarean delivery.
• High blood pressure and preeclampsia.
• Low blood sugar in the newborn after birth.
• Higher lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes for both mother and child.

Management and Treatment

Gestational diabetes can usually be managed with lifestyle changes, including:

• Eating a balanced diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables.
• Monitoring carbohydrate intake and avoiding sugary foods.
• Staying physically active with safe exercises.
• Checking blood sugar levels regularly as advised by your doctor.
• Taking insulin or medications if lifestyle changes are not enough.

Key Takeaway

Gestational diabetes is a common pregnancy condition, but it can be effectively managed. Regular screening, healthy lifestyle habits, and close medical monitoring are the best ways to protect both mother and baby.

Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and should not replace medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

References

• ACOG – Gestational Diabetes
• CDC – Gestational Diabetes
• Mayo Clinic – Gestational Diabetes