Preeclampsia Explained: Signs and Prevention

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to organs, most often the liver and kidneys. It usually develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy and, if not managed, can lead to serious risks for both mother and baby. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies is key to a safe pregnancy.

Common Signs and Symptoms

• High blood pressure (above 140/90 mmHg).
• Swelling in the face, hands, and feet.
• Severe headaches that don’t go away.
• Vision problems such as blurred or double vision.
• Sudden weight gain due to fluid retention.
• Upper abdominal pain, usually under the ribs.

Risk Factors

Women are at higher risk of developing preeclampsia if they:

• Are pregnant for the first time.
• Have a family history of preeclampsia.
• Are carrying multiples (twins or more).
• Have chronic hypertension, diabetes, or kidney disease.
• Are over 35 years old or under 18.
• Have obesity or certain autoimmune disorders.

Possible Complications

If left untreated, preeclampsia may cause serious health issues such as:

• Preterm birth and low birth weight.
• Placental abruption (separation of the placenta from the uterus).
• Eclampsia (seizures during pregnancy).
• Organ damage to liver, kidneys, or brain.

Prevention and Management

• Attend all prenatal check-ups for early detection.
• Monitor your blood pressure regularly at home if recommended.
• Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Stay physically active with safe pregnancy exercises.
• Limit salt intake and avoid processed foods.
• Discuss preventive medications (like low-dose aspirin) with your doctor if at high risk.

Key Takeaway

Preeclampsia can be dangerous, but with regular medical care, healthy habits, and early detection, most women have successful pregnancies. Listening to your body and seeking medical advice promptly makes a big difference.

Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and should not replace medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

References

• ACOG – Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
• CDC – High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
• Mayo Clinic – Preeclampsia